Resources 資源
Plain-language guides. No jargon fees. 白話資源說帖，不靠術語糊弄人。
Glossary, Texas-specific tips, checklists, and a coverage cheat-sheet — all bilingual, verified against TDI, TWIA, and TX DPS sources. 名詞解釋、德州專屬重點、檢查清單與保障速查表 — 全雙語，並以 TDI、TWIA、德州 DPS 等資料來源驗證。
Glossary 名詞解釋
Insurance terms, decoded. 保險術語，一次看懂。
Premium保費（Premium）
The amount you pay (monthly, semi-annually, or annually) to keep your policy active.維持保單有效所需的固定費用，可按月、半年或一年支付。
Deductible自負額（Deductible）
The amount you pay out of pocket on a covered claim before the insurer pays the rest.受保事故中您須先自行負擔的金額，超過部分由保險公司承擔。
Liability (BI / PD)責任險（BI / PD）
Bodily injury (BI) and property damage (PD) you cause to others. Required by Texas law on every auto policy.您對他人造成的人身傷害（BI）與財物損失（PD），德州法規要求每張車險保單須具備。
Collision碰撞險
Covers damage to your own vehicle from hitting another car or object.保障您的車輛因撞擊其他車輛或物體所造成的損失。
Comprehensive綜合險
Covers your own vehicle for non-collision causes — hail, theft, vandalism, glass, animal strike, flood.保障您的車輛因非碰撞事故造成的損失（冰雹、失竊、毀損、玻璃、撞動物、洪水等）。
UM / UIM無 / 不足額保險駕駛人保障
Uninsured / underinsured motorist coverage. Pays for your injuries and damages when the at-fault driver has no or too little insurance.當肇事方無保險或保額不足時，補償您的傷害與損失。
PIP人身傷害保護（PIP）
Personal injury protection. Pays medical bills and partial lost wages for you and your passengers regardless of fault.不論責任歸屬，補償您與乘客的醫療費用與部分薪資損失。
Medical Payments (MedPay)醫療給付（MedPay）
Covers medical bills for you and your passengers after a covered auto accident.受保汽車事故發生後，補償您與乘客的醫療費用。
HO3HO3 保單
Standard owner-occupied homeowners form — open peril on the dwelling, named peril on contents.標準自住房屋保單，房屋採開放式承保、財物採列名承保。
HO4HO4 保單
Renters insurance form — covers your personal property and personal liability inside a unit you don't own.租屋保單，承保您在非自有居住單位中的個人財物與責任險。
HO6HO6 保單
Condo unit owner form — covers contents, interior improvements, loss assessment, and personal liability.公寓單位保單，承保財物、室內裝修、共有區攤派與個人責任。
Replacement Cost vs ACV重置成本 vs 實際現金價值（ACV）
Replacement cost pays to replace with new. ACV deducts depreciation. RC is more expensive up front but pays more at claim time.重置成本按新品理賠；ACV 扣除折舊。RC 保費較高但理賠較多。
Wind / Hail Deductible風雹自負額
A separate, typically higher deductible for losses caused by wind or hail — usually expressed as a percentage of the dwelling limit.風或冰雹災害適用的獨立自負額，通常較高並以房屋保額的百分比計算。
Endorsement批單（Endorsement）
A change or addition to your policy — adds, removes, or modifies coverage. Sometimes called a "rider."對保單內容的增刪或修改，亦稱「rider」。
Lienholder vs Mortgagee留置權人 vs 抵押權人
Lienholder = your auto lender listed on the policy. Mortgagee = your home lender. Both must be named on the policy.留置權人為您的汽車貸款方；抵押權人為房屋貸款方，兩者皆須於保單上列名。
Loss of Use居住損失保障
Covers temporary living costs (hotel, rental, food) when your home is uninhabitable from a covered loss.受保事故導致住家無法居住時，補償臨時住宿、租車、餐食等開銷。
Umbrella傘式責任險
Additional liability that sits on top of auto and home — $1M+ of extra protection beyond your underlying limits.建立於汽車與房屋保單之上的額外責任險，提供超過底層保額 100 萬美元以上的保障。
BOP企業綜合保單（BOP）
Business Owner's Policy — bundles commercial general liability with business personal property. Most common small-business policy.將商業一般責任險與企業財產險合併，為小型企業最常見的保單。
General Liability一般責任險
Third-party bodily injury, property damage, and personal / advertising injury. Foundation of commercial coverage.涵蓋第三方人身傷害、財產損害以及人身/廣告侵害，為商業險之基礎。
Workers' Compensation勞工賠償險
Pays medical bills and lost wages for employees injured on the job, plus employer liability. Optional in Texas, but going without it carries serious risk for the business owner.補償職務上受傷員工的醫療費用與薪資損失，並包含雇主責任。德州雖非強制，未投保對雇主風險甚高。
Certificate of Insurance (COI)保險證明（COI）
A one-page summary of your coverage shown to landlords, clients, or vendors. Usually issued via Acord 25.一頁式保險摘要，提供給房東、客戶或廠商；通常以 Acord 25 表單核發。
Additional Insured附加被保人
Another party (landlord, client, GC) added to your policy who shares the same protection for events arising out of your operations.將其他人（房東、客戶、總承包商）加列至保單，對其因您營運所致之事故共享保障。
Texas-specific tips 德州專屬重點
Four things every Texan should know. 德州投保人必看的四件事。
Auto minimum is 30/60/25 汽車責任險最低 30/60/25
Texas requires minimum auto liability of $30,000 bodily injury per person, $60,000 per accident total, and $25,000 property damage. That's barely enough for one ER visit or a totaled mid-size SUV. Most of our clients carry 100/300/100 or higher. 德州法定汽車責任險最低為每人 30,000 美元人身傷害、每事故合計 60,000 美元、25,000 美元財物損失。這對單次急診或一輛全損中型 SUV 都不夠。多數客戶選擇 100/300/100 或更高的額度。
Source: Texas Department of Insurance資料來源：德州保險廳（TDI）
TWIA covers 14 coastal counties TWIA 承保 14 個沿海郡
Live or own property near the coast? TWIA is the wind-pool insurer for Aransas, Brazoria, Calhoun, Cameron, Chambers, Galveston, Jefferson, Kenedy, Kleberg, Matagorda, Nueces, Refugio, San Patricio, Willacy — plus Harris County east of Highway 146. Most private homeowner policies exclude named-storm wind there, so TWIA fills the gap. 沿海地區的房產嗎？TWIA 為以下 14 個第一線沿海郡與 Harris 郡 146 號公路以東地區的風險承保機構：Aransas、Brazoria、Calhoun、Cameron、Chambers、Galveston、Jefferson、Kenedy、Kleberg、Matagorda、Nueces、Refugio、San Patricio、Willacy。多數私人房屋保單於此區域排除命名風暴的風險，TWIA 補上此缺口。
Source: Texas Windstorm Insurance Association資料來源：德州風災保險協會（TWIA）
Class 4 impact-resistant roof discount Class 4 抗冰雹屋頂折扣
Texas requires every homeowner carrier to offer a discount for UL 2218 Class 4 impact-resistant shingles. Real-world savings run 20–35% on the dwelling premium. Heads up: many carriers attach Endorsement HO-145 (cosmetic damage exclusion), so hail dents that don't crack the shingle won't be paid. Confirm the trade-off before installing. 德州規定每家房屋保險公司皆須提供 UL 2218 Class 4 抗冰雹屋頂折扣，實務上房屋保費約可節省 20–35%。注意：多數保險公司同時附加 HO-145（外觀損壞除外）批單，意指未裂開的冰雹凹痕將不予理賠。安裝前請務必確認此取捨。
Source: TDI / industry reports資料來源：TDI 與業界報告
SR-22 in Texas — 2 continuous years 德州 SR-22 — 連續兩年
If you're required to file an SR-22 (financial-responsibility certificate), Texas mandates two continuous years of coverage. Any lapse restarts the two-year clock and can trigger a vehicle registration hold. Set autopay before anything else. 若被要求提交 SR-22（財務責任證明），德州規定須連續保有兩年保險。一旦中斷便重新計算，車輛登記亦可能被凍結。請務必設定自動扣款。
Source: Texas DPS資料來源：德州公共安全局（DPS）
Checklists 檢查清單
Have these ready and we move fast. 備齊以下資料，我們動作更快。
Before you request a quote索取報價前
Auto汽車
- Driver's license number for every household driver.所有同住駕駛的駕駛執照號碼。
- VIN for every vehicle.每輛車的車輛識別碼（VIN）。
- Current declarations page from your existing carrier.現有保險公司的最新聲明頁。
- Prior carrier name plus policy effective dates.前一家保險公司名稱與保單起訖日期。
- Any tickets, accidents, or claims in the last five years.過去五年內的違規、事故或理賠紀錄。
Home房屋
- Year built, square footage, construction type.建造年份、建坪、建材類型。
- Roof age and material (Class 4 impact-resistant?).屋頂使用年限與材質（是否 Class 4 抗冰雹？）。
- Most recent declarations page.最新的保單聲明頁。
- Mortgage company name and loan number.房貸公司名稱與貸款編號。
- Any prior claims in the last five years.過去五年內的理賠紀錄。
Before your renewal續保前
- Annual mileage update for every vehicle.更新每輛車的年行駛里程數。
- Address or garaging changes.地址或車輛停放地點是否變更。
- New drivers in the household (16+).家中是否有新的駕駛（年滿 16 歲）。
- Roof age and condition (consider a roof inspection).屋頂年限與狀況（可考慮進行檢查）。
- Claims in the last five years.過去五年內的理賠紀錄。
- Discount review — good student, defensive driving, multi-policy, paid-in-full.折扣檢視 — 學業優良、防衛駕駛、多保單合一、一次付清。
After a claim事故發生後
- Police report number (if applicable).警方報案編號（如有）。
- Photos of all damage from every angle.各角度的損壞照片。
- Repair estimates — two if possible.維修估價單（盡量取得兩份）。
- Adjuster name and contact info.公估人員姓名與聯絡資訊。
- Rental car reservation (if applicable).租車預約（如適用）。
- Receipts for any out-of-pocket expenses tied to the loss.事故相關自費開銷的收據。
Cheat sheet 速查表
Recommended limits at a glance. 建議保額一覽。
General starting points. Your actual recommendation depends on your assets, family, and risk tolerance — we'll customize on the call. 以下為一般起點；實際建議依您的資產、家庭情況與風險承受度而定，我們將於諮詢時量身規劃。